Mu buryo bwo kugenzura ivy’umuyaga, ingorane y’ubuhinga imaze igihe kirekire iracariho: niibice bibiri-ibice vyo gutegura umuyagabihagije, canke niigice c'ibice bitatu-ibwirizwa?
Abahinguzi bato kenshi basobanura ibice bitatu-ku buryo busanzwe, biyumvira ko "ibice vyinshi bisobanura kwizigirwa cane." Ku ba injeniyeri bazi utuntu n’utundi, iyo ngingo yo guhitamwo ata co biyumvira irahishura urubanza rudahagije rw’abahinga.
Aho kwizigira imeza z’uguhitamwo rusangi, iki kiganiro kirasuzuma itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati y’izo nzira zibiri zivuye ku ngingo ngenderwako z’ishimikiro be n’ingingo mfatirwako z’inganda ziriho ubu, zikaba zishimikiye cane ku gice co gutegura umuyaga c’ubuhinga bw’umuyaga.
Ivy'ishimikiro vya FRL
MunsiISO 1219-1 (Ibimenyetso vy'ibishushanyo vy'imirongo y'umuyaga n'ibice), izo ntunganyo zompi zitwa ku rwego mpuzamakungu ngoIbice vya FRL:
- F: Akayunguruzo
- R: Umugenzuzi
- L: Igikoresho co gutera amavuta
- Ibice bitatu-Igice: Iyunguruzo ryinjijwemwo + Umugenzuzi + Uwutera amavuta
- Ibice bibiri-Igice: Akayunguruzo kahuriweko + Umugenzuzi gusa
Itandukaniro riri kure cane y’ingero y’ibihimba: gukuraho igikoresho co gutera amavuta bigereranya uguhinduka kw’akarorero ku buhinga bw’umuyaga butagira amavuta-.
Ubutandukane nyamukuru
1. Itandukaniro ry'Ibikorwa (GB/T 14513-2021)
- Ibice bitatu-Igice: Atangaumuyaga ufise amavuta, itanga ukuyungurura, ugutunganya umuvuduko, n’umugabo w’amavuta (ubunini bw’ibice 1–3 μm) ku bihimba vyo mu mazi.
- Ibice bibiri-Igice: Atangayumutse, amavuta-utagira umuyaga, gukuraho ibihimba vy’umubiri n’amazi y’amazi ata mavuta.
2. Igishushanyo c'imibumbe
Ivyiyumviro bitatu-vya mbere vyakoresha urutonde rutandukanye-ibice bihuye. Ivyuma bibiri -vya none bifataubwubatsi bw'ibice, bushobora guterwa hamwekuISO 11727, kenshi ushiramwo akayunguruzo n'umugenzuzi mu gice kimwe c'akayunguruzo-umugenzuzi kugira ngo ugabanye aho amazi asohoka no kworohereza gushiramwo.
Ukwiyongera kw'ibice bibiri-: Amavuta-Ivyuma vy'umuyaga vy'ubuntu
Ibikorwa vy'agaciro kanini -harimwo ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'umuyagankuba, gutunganya ibifungurwa n'imiti bikoresha gusa ibice bibiri-, birongowe n'uguhinduka kw'inganda zija mu bikorwa bitagira amavuta.
Ivyuma vy’umuyaga vy’ubuhinga bwa none biva ku bahinga bakuru (SMC, Festo, n’ibindi) bikoresha ibimenyetso vy’amavuta vyisukura n’ibikoresho vy’amavuta vy’uruganda -vyuzuye amavuta y’ubuzima buramba, bikaba bikuraho ivy’ugukenera umukungugu w’amavuta uri mu kirere.
Dukurikije5967-2021, amavuta y’umukungugu ni .birabujijwe rwosemu mirongo ikoresha ibihimba vy’amavuta-bitagira amavuta canke vyisiga, nk’uko umukungugu w’amavuta urenze urugero ushobora gufunga canke gufata amavalve y’ibipimo n’ubugenzuzi bw’uruja n’uruza.
Umwirondoro w'ibisabwa
Ibiri -Igice
- Ibirango: Ubushobozi bwinshi, isuku, ubukene -buke
- Ibikoresho: Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none, ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi, ibikoresho bicapura bikoresheje laser, ibikoresho bishasha vy’inguvu
- Ingingo ngenderwako: Yizigiye kwubatswe-mu bihimba vy'amavuta, kwirinda kwanduza umuyaga
Ibice bitatu-Igice
- Ibirango: Bikomeye, kwambara-kurinda, kwitaho-bikomeye
- Ibikoresho: Amamashini yo gukora ibiti, ibikoresho vy’umuyaga, ibikoresho vya kera vyo gukora ibiti
- Iciyumviro: Gukomeza gutera amavuta n'ugukonjesha amamoteri y'umuyaga n'ibipimo vy'impanuka
Ibikorwa vy'ugutemba: Gutemba kw'umukazo
KuISO 6358, buri gice c'urutonde kizana ugutakaza umukazo.Ibice bitatu-bitanga10%–20% y'uruja n'uruza rwo hasikurusha same-port-ubunini bubiri-ibice bibiri bitewe n'inyongera y'ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amazi y'umuvuduko.Mu mirongo y'amazi menshi -ifise ibice binini-vy'amabore, ibice bitatu-bifise ubunini buke bishobora gutuma bikora buhoro, bifise ubushobozi buke.
Ibisabwa vyo kwitaho
- Ibice bibiri-Igice: Yibanze ku gukura amazi mu mazi; ivyitegererezo vyinshi birafasha gukura amazi mu nzu.
- Ibice bitatu-Igice: Bisaba gukura amazi y’umuyaga hamwe n’ugukurikirana urugero rw’amavuta-n’uguhindura urugero rw’amavuta (1–5 drops/min). GusaISO VG 32 amavuta y'umuyagankubani vyemewe; amavuta ya moteri ntabwo yemerewe.
Iciyumviro
Itandukaniro ry’ingenzi riri mu .Gutanga inshingano zo gutera amavuta:
- Ivyuma bibiri-vyishingikiriza ku bice vy'ubuhinga bwa none, vy'ugutunganywa-vy'ubuntu-vyisiga.
- Ivyuma bitatu-bikoresha umukungugu w’amavuta wo hanze kugira ngo bigabanye ugushikana n’ugusambuka.
Guhitamwo bikwiye gushingiye ku bisabwa vy’ukuri vyo gutera amavuta, atari ku vyo umuntu ashobora gutanga. Mu gihe c’uguhingura amavuta-ataco akoresheje kandi ataco akora, kworohereza ibintu n’ibigirankana akenshi vyerekana ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bwo hejuru kuruta gukora ibintu bitari ngombwa.
