Umuvuduko w'ibintuni ubwoko bw’umuyaga ushizwemwo nk’inkomezi zo gushika ku gufungura no gufunga kw’ibarabara, kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku gazi, amazi, umuriro n’ubundi bwoko butandukanye bw’ubugenzuzi bw’amazi, n’imiterere yoroshe, inyishu yihuta, ukuri kw’ugucungera, umutekano n’ukwizigirwa, n’ibindi, ibi bikurikira bizokubwira ivyerekeye aho ikosa ry’ivyuma: FO, FO, FL, FLL/EFC na AFL/EFC .
①, ubwoko n'ingingo ngenderwako y'umurongo w'ivyuma
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (pneumatic valve) ahanini bigizwe n’ibice bitatu: igikoresho c’ivyuma, umubiri w’ivyuma, ibikoresho. Ico gikoresho kirimwo impeshi, diaphragm/piston, inkoni y’imbere, amaboko y’amaboko, n’ibindi, ahanini ikoresha umuyaga usukuye nk’ububasha, yemera ikimenyetso c’umuyagankuba 20 ~ 100kpa canke 4 ~ 20mA ikimenyetso c’umuyagankuba, hanyuma igahindura umubiri w’ivyuma kugira ngo ikore, kandi igahindura uburebure bw’amazi hagati y’umurongo w’ivyuma n’ivyicaro kugira ngo ishike ku ntumbero yo gutunganya uruja n’uruza.
Umubiri w’ivyuma ugizwe ahanini na valve disc, valve, igiti c’umugozi, intebe y’ivyuma, uruzitiro rw’umuvuduko w’ivyuma n’ibindi bihimba; Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga ahanini birimwo ivyuma bigabanya umuvuduko, amavalve y’ivyuma, ibikoresho vyo gushiramwo ibintu, ivyuma bihindura umuriro, ivyuma biyungurura, ivyuma bigendagenda, n’ibindi.
Ingingo ngenderwako y’igikorwa c’umurongo w’ivyuma ni ugutahura no gufunga n’ugufunga umugozi mu gusunika piston canke igikoresho c’ivyuma n’ibindi bice vy’ubuhinga mu kirere biciye mu muyaga ukomeye, ushobora guca mu:- y’ibimenyetso - ukwinyiganza kw’imbere - ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’Ivyuma vy’Ivyuma. Dushingiye ku bisabwa n’umuvuduko uzunguruka bisabwa n’umugozi, iyo nzira ihindura umubare w’ibihimba vy’umubiri bifatanya, kandi inzira y’uguhinduranya y’uruzitiro ishobora guhindurwa mu guhindura aho iyo nzira y’ivyuma n’amazi y’amazi iri.
Ico gikoresho c’ivyuma ahanini gifise ivyiza bikurikira: ica mbere, igikorwa c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama kiranyaruka, kandi itegeko ryo guhindura rishobora kurangira mu gihe gito; Ubwa kabiri, iyo valve ishobora gukorana n’ico gikoresho kinini kugira ngo ishike ku nguvu nini y’umuvuduko; Ica gatatu, iyo valve y’amazi ishobora kuba mu gikorwa gitekanye kandi gihagaze igihe kirekire mu buryo bwose bw’ibintu bikomeye.
Ivyuma vy’amazi bishingiye ku buryo bw’ibikorwa, muri rusangi bishobora guca mu gazi, ubwoko bufunze gazi. Ihitamwo ry’ugufungura no gufunga gazi rifatwa nk’uko biri ku mutekano wo gukora ibikorwa.
Iyo inkomoko y’umuyaga icitse, iyo valve iratekanye mu kibanza cafunze canke mu kibanza gifunguye.
Air to Open (Air to Open) ni igihe umuvuduko w’umuyaga uri ku mutwe wa filime ugenda urushirizaho, iyo valve igenda mu nzira yo kwongera ugufungura, kandi iyo umupaka wo hejuru w’umuvuduko w’inyungu ushitse, iyo valve iri mu gihe c’ugufungura neza. Nayo, iyo umuvuduko w’umuyaga ugabanutse, iyo valve iragenda mu nzira y’ugufunga, maze iyo valve irafunga burundu iyo ata muyaga w’injiza. Ku bw’ivyo, rimwe na rimwe iyo valve yuguruye ya gazi na yo nyene yitwa ukubura CC FC.
Inzira y’igikorwa c’ubwoko bw’Indege gushika ku Close ni ikinyuranyo nyene c’umuyaga kugira ngo umuntu yuguruye. Iyo umuvuduko w’umuyaga ugenda uragwira, iyo valve iragenda mu nzira ijana; Iyo umuvuduko w’umuyaga ugabanutse canke oya, iyo valve irafunguka mu buryo bufunguye canke ikaguma yuguruye rwose. Ni co gituma rimwe na rimwe bitwa Fail gufunguye FO.
Ubwoko bw’ugukina kabiri. Igikorwa kijanye n’ugufungura n’ugufunga vyose giterwa n’inkomoko y’umuyaga/umuyaga, ingingo ngenderwako y’ishimikiro y’igikorwa irahuye n’igikorwa kimwe, ariko nta n’impeshi iri mu gikoresho c’ivyuma bibiri, kikaba ari ikintu gikomeye cane mu ngingo ngenderwako n’imiterere.
Hanyuma mu gihe co gukoresha, akenshi hariho ibibanza vyinshi vy’amakosa (FO, FC, FL), n’ikosa ryo mu makosa y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (valve) ryugururiye igikorwa c’umuyaga iyo inkomoko y’umuyaga ifise amakosa.
Ku bijanye n’aho ikosa ry’ibara ry’agahama riri, ahanini rigabanywamwo ibintu vyinshi:
1, igikoresho c'umurongo w'ivyuma gifatanya n'igikoresho, ikibanza c'ivyuma gikwiye kuba ibi bikurikira .
FC - Isoko ry'ikirere ryatakaye, valve mu kibanza gipfutse
FO - Isoko ry'ikirere ryatakaye, valve mu kibanza gifunguye
FL - Isoko ry'ikirere rirazimiye, valve iri mu kibanza c'igihe kandi yama ifise
FLC - Inkomoko y'ikirere irazimangana, valve irafatwa ariko ikunda gufunga, valve iri mu kibanza gifunze (ga gaze y'uguca mu mazi)
FLO - Gutakaza inkomoko y'umuyaga, valve ifashe ariko igaca ifungura, valve mu kibanza gifunguye (isoni rya gazi mu cylindre)
2. Igihe umuntu atunganya valve canke guhindura valve yifatanya n’igikorwa co gufatanya, ikibanza c’ivyuma gikwiye kugira ivyangombwa bikurikira .
FC - Isoko y'umuyaga iratakazwa canke umuderi wa solenoid urazimira, kandi valve iri mu kibanza gipfutse
FO - Isoko y'umuyaga irazimira canke umuderi wa solenoïde urazimira, kandi valve iri mu kibanza gifunguye
AFL/EFC -- 1. Isoko y'umuyaga irazimira. Igikoresho ca solenoid ntikitakajwe . 2. Utitaye nimba inkomoko y’umuyaga izimiye canke umuderi wa solenoid uzimiye, valve iri mu kibanza gipfutse .
AFL/EFO-- 1. Isoko y'umuyaga iratakazwa. Igikoresho ca solenoide ntikitakajwe . 2. Utitaye nimba inkomoko y'umuyaga izimiye canke umuderi wa solenoid uzimiye, valve iri mu kibanza gifunguye
Igishushanyo c’isohoka biciye mu kimenyetso c’isohoka kugira ngo gishike ku nzira y’uguca, guhuza, guhindura n’ibindi bikorwa, umuvuduko waco n’umuvuduko wayo wihuta cane, kenshi ukoreshwa mu gukoresha vuba - aho gukoresha, ushobora no gukoreshwa mu guhindura uruja n’uruza rw’ikoreshwa, n’ibikoresho bitandukanye, ntushobora gushika ku buryo butandukanye bwo kugenzura.
②, valve y'ivyuma bikunze kunanirwa
1 Ugusohoka kw'amazi y'agaciro kwongerekana kw'ukunanirwa n'ibituma
Ugusohoka kw’amavalves y’amazi ahanini bivana n’umuhinduzi w’ivyuma. Mu guca irya n’ino, ukwiyongera kw’ugusohoka kw’amazi y’umuyaga ahanini biva ku bintu bibiri bikurikira: Ubwa mbere, igihimba c’umubiri kiri mu gipfukisho c’amaraso kirambarwa kubera ikoreshwa ry’igihe kirekire cane, bikaba bituma umutsi w’amaraso uhagarara ntikuvamwo ukwiyongera kw’ugusohoka kw’amazi; Ica kabiri ni uko iyo iyo valve ivangwa n’imibiri y’amahanga canke ibisasu vyo mu mutima bigoramye, canke bikaba biri munsi y’ugucungera umukazo hagati y’ibinyamakuru bitandukanye, igihe itandukaniro ry’inguvu ry’ivyo bikoresho ari rinini, rizotuma ubukomezi bugabanuka, bituma umudereva udashobora gupfungwa burundu, maze amaherezo bigatuma iyo valve y’umubiri isohoka kugira ngo yongere.
2 Ivyo umupfunda w’amazi n’ibituma bimara
Yaba umukazo w’ikimenyetso udashikamye canke umuvuduko w’umuyaga ntushikamye, iyo valve y’ivyuma ishobora kuba idashikamye. Igitero c’ikimenyetso kidashikamye kizotuma umugezi w’umugenzuzi adashikama, kandi iyo umuvuduko w’umuyagankuba udashikamye, umuvuduko wo kugabanya umuvuduko uzonanirwa kubera ubushobozi buke bw’ico gikoresho. Birashoboka kandi ko ikibanza c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ikindi, umurongo w’isohoka canke umurongo w’isohoka ntukomeye, uzotuma kandi igikorwa c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bitashikamye; Igipimo c’umupira w’amaguru n’amaguru kizogira ico gikoze ku bijanye n’ugushikama kw’umugozi w’amazi kubera ugushikana kw’itandukaniro n’ikintu c’amahanga.
3 Ugunyiganyiga kw'imitsi y'umubiri n'ibituma
Ivyuma vy’amazi birashikirwa bitagoranye n’ibintu bikikije ibidukikije mu gihe c’ibikorwa. Inyuma y’aho igisasu n’ivyo bikoresho bikora igihe kirekire, ivyo bibiri bizogira itandukaniro mu gikorwa c’ugushikana, hariho n’ibindi bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bitera ubwoba hirya no hino y’igitereko c’amazi, kandi ikibanza c’imbere c’ico gikoresho c’amazi kidahuye kizoshikana ku guhungabana kw’umuhanda w’ipome. Ikindi, iyo ubunini bw’umuyoboro w’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama (pinematic valve) butatoranijwe mu buryo butabereye canke inzira y’ugufunga y’umurongo umwe{2}}Ikarita ntiruhuye n’inzira y’uruja n’uruza rw’umurongo, umuderi w’ipine na wo nyene uzotera ukunyiganyiga.
4 Guteba kw'ibikorwa buhoro buhoro n'ibitera
Mu gihe c’ugutembera kw’imitsi y’umubiri, akamaro k’igiti c’umudereva ntikagira amakenga. Iyo uruti rw’ivyuma rupfutse, ruzotuma habaho ugushikana kwavuye ku gikorwa caco c’uruzitiro{1}} trip, bituma umutsi w’amaraso ukora buhoro buhoro. Iyo amavuta y’ibara ry’agahama n’asibesito asubiriza amavuta y’ibara ry’agahama, PTFE yuzura mu buryo busanzwe, izotera kandi igikorwa c’ubute buhoro, iyo hariho inkungugu imbere mu mubiri w’ivyuma, umutsi w’amaraso ushirwa imbere mu gitereko, n’ibindi.
5 Ivyuma vy'umubiri ntibikora n'impamvu
Isoko ry’ikirere n’ikimenyetso nk’aho ari ryo ry’imbere n’ishimikiro kugira ngo habeho neza umuyagankuba w’amazi. Iyo igikoresho co guhagarara kitagira isoko y’umuyaga, umuduga wo kugabanya umuvuduko ushobora kunanirwa, kandi akayunguruzo n’umuyoboro bishobora kubuzwa mu bihe bikomeye. Iyo uwuriko ararondera afise isoko y’umuyaga, ariko nta n’isohoka, azozibira umwobo w’umuriro w’aho hantu; Iyo inkomoko y’umuyaga n’ikimenyetso bitaboneka, iyo ubushuhe butafunguwe, kandi buzonanirwa kubera ko umuvuduko wo kugabanya umuvuduko w’umuyaga n’umuyoboro w’umuyaga uzibirwa, amaherezo bikajana ku nzira y’umuyaga. Iyo hariho isoko y’umuyaga ariko nta kimenyetso, kizokwonona isahani y’amazi maze kizotuma inkengeri z’ivyo bikoresho zisohoka kugira ngo zivemwo umuyaga.
③, uburyo bwo gutorera umuti ingorane rusangi
1 uburyo bwo kuvura indwara y'umusonga bwongera uburyo bwo kuvura
Kubera ko iyo valve y’amazi y’umubiri igenda irakura, iyo igihimba c’umubiri gipfutse, birakenewe ko umuntu asubiriza iyo spool nshasha ubwo nyene kugira ngo igabanure ukuntu amazi agenda asohoka mu mubiri; Iyo bitewe n’ugushiramwo imibiri y’amahanga mu valve, birakenewe gukoresha ibikoresho vyo gusukura kugira ngo bisukure no kwoza mu gihe kugira ngo ukureho imibiri y’amahanga; Nimba itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko w’amazi ari rinini, birakenewe ko haba ugutera imbere kw’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, vyongereko inkomoko y’umuyaga, no kugabanya ukuvuza. Ikindi, iyo umuntu ashizeho valve y’ivyuma, birakwiye kandi kumenya neza ko uburebure bw’uruti bw’uruti rwatoranijwe buringaniye, kugira ngo ntihagire amazi asohoka aterwa n’ico gipfunsi kidapfutse burundu.
2 Uburyo bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bw'ivyuma vy'ivyuma
Ni ngombwa kugira ngo haboneke ingene ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi bukora neza mu bijanye n’igikorwa kidashikamye c’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bitewe n’umuvuduko w’ikimenyetso udashikamye. Kubera igikorwa kidashikamye c’umuyoboro w’amazi uterwa n’umuvuduko w’umuyaga udashikamye, igikoresho co guhagarara gikeneye kuba re- Brection, kandi igikoresho gishasha co guhagarara gishobora gusubirizwa iyo bikenewe, kugira ngo umuvuduko w’umuyaga ube uhagaze neza. Birashoboka kandi gusubira gushiramwo igiti canke kwongera amavuta kugira ngo bigabanye ugushikana kw’igice c’uruti rw’ivyuma, kugabanya ukudashikama kw’umugozi w’ivyuma, no guhindura neza ikibanza c’ugusohoka kw’ibarabara kugira ngo hakurweho ukudashikama kw’umurongo w’ivyuma.
3 Uburyo bwo gusukura amakosa y'ugunyiganyiga
Ku bijanye n’ugunyiganyiga kw’ivyuma biterwa n’ugushikana hagati y’igisaka n’igitereko, igisaka gikeneye gusubirizwa ubwo nyene; Ku bijanye n’ugunyiganyiga kw’ivyuma biterwa n’ibindi bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bigendagenda hirya no hino y’igihimba c’umubiri, birakenewe ko umuntu amenya neza isoko y’ugunyiganyiga no gukuraho ukunyiganyiga; Kubera ko hariho ukunyiganyiga kwatewe n’ishimikiro ry’ivyuma vy’imbere mu mubiri bidashikamye, ishimikiro rishasha rikeneye gusubirwamwo; Kubera ukunyiganyiga kwatewe n’ukudahuza hagati y’inzira y’ugufunga y’umurongo umwe w’umurongo w’ibarabara n’inzira y’uruja n’uruza rw’uruzitiro, birakenewe ko umuntu ayisuzuma no kugicira no guhindura inzira ibereye yo gushiramwo ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama.
4 Uburyo bwo gutorera umuti ibibazo buhoro buhoro
Ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bikora buhoro buhoro bifitaniye isano n’uko igihimba c’irondoka cononekaye, rero igihimba gishasha c’umubiri gikwiye gusubirizwa mu gihe; Kandi suzuma neza nimba iyo graphite n’amavuta y’amabuye y’agaciro n’ivyuma vy’amavuta y’ibitoro n’ivyuma vy’amavuta y’ibitoke vy’ibitoke vy’ibitoke vy’ibitoke vy’ibitoke vy’ibitoke vy’ibitoke vy’ibitoke vy’ibitoke (polytetrafluoroorothyle) ari ibisanzwe, hanyuma ubisubirire nimba bikenewe kugira ngo bibe mu buryo busanzwe; Usukure ikibazo c’amahanga mu mubiri w’amaraso mu gihe kugira ngo umubiri w’umubiri usukure; Igiti c’umutsi w’amaraso gifatwa kugira ngo gigabanye ugushikana hagati y’igiti c’umugozi n’ibihimba bikikije, kugira ngo bitore umuti w’ingorane y’ugukora buhoro buhoro kw’umutsi w’amaraso.
5 Ivyuma vy'amazi ntibikora uburyo bwo gutorera umuti ingorane
Ku bijanye n’ikosa ry’uko hariho isoko y’umuyaga ariko iyo valve y’umuyaga ntikora, birakenewe ko umuntu asuzuma umurongo w’itegeko rimwe maze akakuraho ikosa mu gihe. Iyo igikoresho co guhagarara kiri mu valve y’ipine ata n’imwe ifise n’iyerekanwa, birakenewe ko umuntu asubirira igikoresho gishasha co gushiramwo ibintu mu gihe; Kugira ngo igitereko n’igiti gihinduke bikomeye, birakenewe ko umuntu asubirira igitereko gishasha n’igiti mu gihe kugira ngo urudodo rw’amaboko rushizwe mu kibanza kibereye.
