Amakosa n’inyishu z’Ivyuma vy'agaciro
Igipande c’ivyuma citwa cylinder kivuga ikintu c’ivyuma gifise piston kugira ngo gikore inyigisho yo gusubiramwo umurongo. Ivyumba vyayo nyamukuru vy’ikoreshwa birimwo icapa (ugucungera amaganya), ibikoresho vy’ivyuma (amamashini yo gusudira, gusya ibice), uburongozi bw’ivyuma, amaroboti, n’ibindi.
Igipfukisho c’ibara ry’agahama gifise umugozi w’ibara ry’agahama, igipfukisho ca piston, inkoni ya piston, n’ibintu bidoga n’ibindi.
imwe kuko kugira ngo umuntu ahure nabi kw’igihe c’icylindre n’igihe kirekire- igihe c’ikoreshwa (cylindre) (cylinder) gishobora gushikirwa n’ugusohoka kw’imbere n’inyuma, umuvuduko w’isohoka udashikamye, igikorwa kibi co gusukura, ingaruka mbi ku nkoni ya piston n’umutwe w’icylinder, n’ibindi bimenyetso vy’ikosa.
(1) ukuvuza kw’imbere n’inyuma imbere mu gitereko ni ingaruka y’ugushinga inkoni ya piston, amavuta adakwiriye amavuta, ashirwako canke yononekaye ku mpeta y’impeta y’amazi n’ugudodora, ubuhumane buri mu gitereko n’imikovu ku nkoni ya piston, n’ibindi rero, mu gihe hariho ukuvuza kw’imbere canke kw’inyuma imbere mu gitereko, hagati y’inkoni ya piston bikwiye kuba yashizwe ahabona kugira ngo habeho ubumwe hagati y’inkoni ya piston n’umugozi w’ivyuma. Ni ibilometero bihambaye kenshi kuraba nimba igikoresho co gukura amavuta mu gipfukisho c’amavuta kiriko kirakora neza kugira ngo ivyo bikoresho bikora neza. Igihe impeta y’ugudodora n’impeta y’ikidodo imbarwa canke yamenetse, ikwiye gusubirwamwo mu gihe. Iyo hariho ubuhumane mu cylindre, bitegerezwa gukurwaho mu gihe. Naho hariho imikovu ku nkoni ya piston, irakeneye gusubirwamwo.
(2) Inkomezi z’isohoka zidakwiye n’ugukora nabi kw’ico gipfukisho c’umubiri akenshi biva ku mpamvu zituma inkoni ya piston canke ya piston ifatwa, amavuta mabi adahagije, canke amazi adahagije, canke amazi n’ubuhumane biri imbere mu gitereko. Ku bijanye n’ivyo, ikibanza nyamukuru c’inkoni ya piston gitegerezwa guhindurwa. gerageza nimba amavuta ya mavuta ariko aragenda neza canke atari yo, n’uko umuyoboro wo gutanga gazi uzibirwa. Iyo hari amazi n’ibihumanya biri imbere mu gitereko, bikwiye gukurwaho mu gihe.
(3) ingaruka mbi z’ugushikama kw’ico gikoresho akenshi ziterwa n’uko impeta y’ubu buffer yononekaye canke ko igihimba c’umubiri gihindura. Muri iki gihe, impeta y’ugudodora n’ivyo guhindura, bitegerezwa gusubirizwa.
(4) Guca ibibatsi ku nkoni ya piston n’umutwe w’igihimba c’umubiri c’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umubiri w’umukara. Muri ivyo, igikorwa co hagati c’inkoni ya piston gikwiye guhindurwa. subiramwo impeta y’ububiko canke igikoresho co guhindura.
Amakosa y’ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa n’amazi afatanya: iyo valve ntishobora guhindura canke guhindura umuvuduko ni uguteba, ukuvuza amavuta ya peteroli, kandi umudereva w’indege ya solenoid ni uwuteye akaga, n’ibindi.
(1) Iyo umugozi wo kugenzura inzira udashobora guhindura inzira canke ugaca buhoro buhoro, kandi ni kubera ko ari amavuta mabi, ibara ry’impeshi rifata canke ryononekaye, amavuta canke ubuhumane bufatwa mu bihimba binyerera, n’ibindi muri ivyo, ni ngombwa kugira ngo ubanza gusuzuma nimba amavuta ya faricator ariko aragenda neza. Kuba amavuta y’amavuta y’amavuta canke atari meza canke atari yo. Naho ari ngombwa, amavuta asohoka mu mazi akwiye gusubirizwa, ibihimba vy’umubiri vy’umurongo w’amazi bitegerezwa gusukurwa, canke mu mpera z’umwaka be n’umurongo w’inzira y’amazi bitegerezwa gusubirizwa.
(2) Inyuma y’ikoreshwa ry’igihe kirekire - ijambo ry’igenzura ry’inzira rirashobora kwambaza kimwe mu bizingiti vyo hagati vy’ivyuma vyo hagati, bikaba bitera ingorane ku ruti rw’umugozi n’urw’umugozi, ivyo bikaba bituma gazi isohoka mu nzira y’amazi, igikorwa co guhindura buhoro buhoro, canke ukubura ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma muri rusangi n’ibindi bimenyetso. Muri iki gihe, impeta y’ikidodo, igiti c’ivyuma, n’ivyicaro vy’ivyuma bitegerezwa gusubirizwa, canke igihimba c’imbere c’inzira bitegerezwa gusubirizwa n’ikindi gishasha.
(3) Iyo imyobo y’umudereva w’indege ya solenoid izibiwe biciye ku nzira y’amavuta canke ibihimba bitandukanye, iyo nzira y’amazi idakomeye, umugozi wo kwinyiganyiga urafatanye, canke hariho ikosa mu nzira, n’ibindi, vyinshi muri ivyo bishobora gutuma umupfunda ukoreshwa mu nzira udashobora gusubira inyuma. Ku bijanye n’ibintu bitatu vy’intango, amavuta n’ibihumanye biri ku nzira y’umudereva n’ikibanza c’icuma gishobora guhindurwa bitegerezwa guhanagurwa. Amakosa y’ivyuma akenshi agabanywamwo ibice: gukoresha amakosa y’imirongo n’amakosa y’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba. imbere y’uko usuzuma amakosa y’uruzitiro, umurongo w’amaboko w’ikoreshwa ry’ikoreshwa ry’inzira bitegerezwa gukura kugira ngo ube ingero zimwe zimwe kugira ngo igere ku rugero rwo hejuru iyo rushobora guhura n’umubabaro w’umuyaga ugeragejwe. Iyo bishobora guhindura cane, hariho ikosa riri imbere mu nzira. Igihe umuntu ariko arasuzuma, umuriro w’umurongo w’umuyagankuba ushobora gupimwa n’igikoresho kugira ngo ubone nimba yashitse ku nkoni y’umuriro. Iyo umuriro uri hasi cane, inguvu zishikirizwa imbere mu nzira y’ugucungera kandi umurongo w’uguhindura umurongo ujanye n’umurongo ubwirizwa gusuzumwa. Iyo umurongo w’ubugenzuzi bw’inzira udashobora guhindura kenshi ku bijanye n’umuriro w’ibara, birahambaye ko usuzuma nimba ihuriro ry’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba canke ritarimwo ubufatanye bubi. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ni ugukuraho igipfukisho n’urugero agaciro k’ubudahangarwa bw’uruzitiro. Iyo amafaranga yo guhangana n’ibintu ari manini cane canke ari make cane, vyerekana ko iyo nzira y’ubuhinga bwa electromagnetic yononekaye kandi ikwiye gusubirwamwo.
3 Amakosa y’ibihimba vy’umubiri vy’agaciro cane cane biraba: amakosa y’amavuta y’ibihaha, amakosa y’amazi, amakosa y’amazi, n’ibindi.
(1) Amakosa y’amavuta y’amavuta ni: urugero rwo guhindura rw’urushinge rwo guhindura ni ruto cane, igice c’amavuta kirazibirwa, kandi umuyoboro usohoka, ivyo vyose bishobora kugukiza amatonyanga y’amavuta ngo atome. mu bijanye n’ivyo, uturere twapfutse n’utundi tuva mu mazi dukwiye gufatwa vuba, kandi igipimo c’amavuta gitonyanga gitegerezwa guhindurwa kugira ngo kibe nk’amatonyanga atanu mu kuguma afise umunota. mu gihe mu gukoresha ubudasiba, stage y’amavuta iri mu gikombe c’amavuta itegerezwa kuguma mu gice co hejuru kandi kigabanuka. Amazi yashizwe ku gikombe c’amavuta kiri hasi cane, arakeneye gukurwaho mu gihe.
(2) rimwe na rimwe amabara y’amavuta n’ubukonje biri mu nzira y’amazi y’amazi y’amazi ntishobora gukurwaho ubwavyo, cane cane mu bihe vy’imbeho iyo ubushuhe buri hasi bitangaje, ibintu birakomeye cane. Muri iki gihe, irakeneye gukurwaho no gusuzumwa no guhanagurwa.
(3) iyo umupfunda ushizwe ku nzira y’uburongozi bw’inzira ari ishavu cane canke ipfutse, izogira ico ikoze kandi ku bijanye n’ugutahura n’igihe co guhindura igihe c’umurongo w’ubugenzuzi bw’inzira. rero, umucukuzi ategerezwa guhanagurwa kenshi.
